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Dewey s Theory Of Education Essay - 884 Words

Wow! I have so much to say about what I just read. However, I will try to keep my thoughts concise. Main points- 1. Dewey s Theory ( Philosophy of Education) I wrote about my theorist that had influenced me in the classroom being Lev Vygotsky. However, I have been influenced by many. One being John Dewey. He is very controversial in some of his thoughts and theories. However, I agree that today s educators probably respond better to his theories because our world, society, and classrooms are changing every day! Educators are becoming more open to student-centered classrooms and realize that hands-on experiences and interacting with others help children learn and help with life skills. As children interact with one another they can become culturally diverse with others. Children are changing just like our schools have changed over the years and the delivery of the lessons should be changing along with the society. Relate lessons to the child s experiences and let them create new experiences. There are parts of Dewey s theory, I definitely still disagree with because I am extremely religious and I do believe there are God-given guidelines for human conduct and development. With that being said, his work in education shouldn t be ignored. 2. Teaching in a Challenging World-(Foundations of American Education) We do teach in a challenging world and teaching is constantly changing. I believe it is important for teachers to continue to receive education and professionalShow MoreRelatedJohn Dewey s Theory Of Progressive Education882 Words   |  4 Pages John Dewey (1859 – 1950), was born in Burlington, Vermont, on October 20, 1859. He attended the University of Vermont and graduated with his bachelor s degree in 1879 and received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University. His research work is associated with the school of thought â€Å"functionalism†. 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The task of jugglingRead MoreAmerica s Education Over The Course Of Time1007 Words   |  5 Pagespeople have impacted education over the course of time. In history it has taken outside thinking to change or break the mold of the current system set in place. Education is no exception to that rule. Education has changed in many different ways since it was first started. One of the ways education has evolved is how it impacts the society it is a part of. School today is seen as an institution that produces productive citizens for the society it is a part of. However, when education got its start itRead MoreCritical Pedagogy And The Reggio Emilia1533 Words   |  7 Pagesinto early childhood education as obtaining the skills to critically analyze and problem solve has the potential to change society and thus the potential to change the world. It is important individuals become aware of what critical pedagogy is. 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Methods For Proximal Caries Detection Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Dental cavities diagnostic methods usually use ocular review, haptic scrutiny, approximal skiagraphy, and fibre ocular transillumination ( FOTI ) 14. Although bitewing skiagraphy for diagnosing of cavities in single patients is an constituted clinical technique, the value of bitewing skiagraphy for the sensing of cavities in big population groups is still controversial23.In primary teething, usage of bitewing skiagraphy increases the sensing rate of proximal surface cavities substantially21. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods For Proximal Caries Detection Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Surveies in the lasting teething suggest that the betterment in cavities sensing was by and large in the order of around 3-5 per cent, and that bitewing skiagraphy likely has greatest value in those populations with the highest cavities rates6,9,15,22,29.The rapid progresss in computing machine engineering have had a important impact on dental skiagraphy. In 1987 the first direct digital system became commercially available as an option to conventional skiagraphy. Equally far as diagnostic truth is concerned, digital and conventional skiagraphy give comparable consequences for observing caries24, 27, 28. The combination of early sensing with new interventional methodological analysis and cavities direction will be the preferable dental pattern in the hereafter. Previous surveies have shown cavities are really hard to name at early phases. Early on carious lesions detection through a conventional diagnosing method, including radiographic, ocular and haptic tests, is questionable because they can stop up with a hazard of a false-positive or false-negative diagnosis18. Till day of the month, bulk of surveies which investigate proximal cavities have been mostly in vitro1,5,7,12,17,20,25. Therefore, few surveies have been done to measure and compare proximal cavities clinically21. Hence, there is a demand to measure proximal cavities by comparing assorted diagnostic methods. A new method based on fluorescence measurings performed by a optical maser device has been turning in popularity known as DIAGNOdent pen – KaVo, Biberach, Germany. When the optical maser irradiates the tooth, the visible radiation is absorbed by organic and inorganic substances present in the dental tissues, every bit good as by metabolites from unwritten bacteriums. These metabolites could be porphyrins that are produced by several types of unwritten bacteriums. Surveies utilizing chromatography have found that porphyrins showed some fluorescence after excitement by ruddy visible radiation. For this ground, the dental tissue emits fluorescent visible radiation after irradiation by ruddy optical maser and, as the carious tissue increases the emitted fluorescent visible radiation compared to healthy tissue, this causes a important difference between carious and sound structures2. More late, several new standards systems have been proposed and evaluated, both to standardized terminology and methodological analysis for clinical tests and to profit practicians in holding a more all right grained attack to measuring easy lesions. The â€Å" International Caries Detection and Assessment System † ( ICDAS ) categorizes six phases in the carious procedure, runing from the clinically seeable alterations in enamel caused by demineralisation, through to extension cavitation10, 11. Therefore, with the above description, presently, proximal cavities sensing methods comprise of assorted method viz. , visual- tactile scrutiny with ICDAS II, FOTI with ICDAS II, Bitewing skiagraphy ( Conventional A ; Digital ) and Laser Fluorescence Caries sensing – DIAGNOdent pen. Therefore, the intent of this survey is to clinically compare and measure assorted diagnostic methods in primary and lasting grinders for proximal cavities sensing. Reappraisal of literature Davies GM et Al in 2001 studied in-vivo the usage of fiber-optic transillumination ( FOTI ) as a diagnostic tool in general dental pattern and concluded that the FOTI technique increased the sensing of approximal carious lesions. It was reported to be a utile diagnostic tool in general dental practice4. Heinrich-Weltzien R et Al in 2002 studied in-vivo cut-offs for occlusal cavities sensing by the optical maser fluorescence device DIAGNOdent ( DD ) in comparing to visual-ranked review ( VI ) and bitewing radiogram ( BW ) under status of a general alveolar consonant pattern and concluded that it is advised to measure occlusal surfaces by a punctilious VI followed by the usage of DD and/or BW as extra diagnostic tool of 2nd pick. A DD value of gt ; 20 could be confirmed as a sensitive cut-off for sensing of occlusal dentine cavities in first and 2nd lasting grinders. For the sensing of early marks of enamel cavities the DD seems to be less suitable8. Costa AM et Al in 2008 studied in-vivo the usage of a optical maser fluorescence device for sensing of occlusal cavities in lasting dentitions and concluded that although the optical maser device had an acceptable public presentation, this equipment should be used as an accessory method to ocular review to avoid false positive results3. Walsh et Al in 2008 studied in-vivo correlativities between Diagnodent optical maser fluorescence readings and clinical tonss for smooth ( buccal and linguistic ) surfaces of primary eyetooths and grinders utilizing ICDAS II, with peculiar involvement in white topographic point lesions and concluded that there is a patterned advance in optical maser fluorescence tonss with increasing badness of smooth surface enamel lesions in primary dentitions, from sound smooth surface enamel through white topographic point lesions and later to cavitation ; nevertheless, the Diagnodent should non be relied on as the sole means for cavities diagnosing because of the possibility of false positive readings if plaque remains on the surface. The joint findings of increased tonss with incipient decalcified lesions impacting enamel, and alterations in readings alining with cavities reversal or patterned advance lend some support to the clinical usage of Diagnodent as an assistance in supervising the adva ncement of early phases of the cavities procedure on smooth surfaces 26. Kavvadia K et Al in 2008 studied in-vivo the DIAGNOdent readings ( LF ) with those of direct ocular ( DV ) scrutiny, indirect ocular ( IDV ) scrutiny, bitewing skiagraphy ( BWR ) , and cavity and crevice gap ( PFO ) for the sensing of occlusal cavities in primary dentitions ; to find the cogency of this device utilizing PFO as mention ; and to measure its dependability and concluded that the LF device presented high dependability in the sensing of occlusal cavities in primary dentitions and its public presentation was similar to DV and radiographic examinations13. Newman B et Al in 2009 studied in-vivo the increased benefits of utilizing bitewing skiagraphy in add-on to the visual-tactile scrutiny technique for sensing of primary teething cavities in a non-fluoridated community, and determined the prevalence of â€Å" concealed † occlusal cavities in the primary teething and concluded that In the primary teething, usage of bitewing skiagraphy increases the sensing rate of proximal surface cavities well. It is recommended that bitewing skiagraphy be included as portion of the everyday scrutiny of kids with proximal surfaces that can non be visualized21. Purpose The purpose of this in-vivo survey is to compare and measure assorted diagnostic methods of proximal cavities sensing in primary and lasting grinders. Aim To compare visual- haptic scrutiny with ICDAS II ( VT ) , FOTI with ICDAS II ( TI ) , Conventional Bitewing skiagraphy ( C-BWR ) A ; Digital Bitewing skiagraphy ( D-BWR ) and Laser Fluorescence Caries sensing ( DIAGNOdent pen-LF ) for proximal cavities in primary and lasting grinders. To find relationship between assorted diagnostic methods for proximal cavities in posterior dentitions. MATERIALS A ; METHODS Materials Mouth mirror Probe Explorer Microlux Transilluminator ( FOTI ) DIAGNOdent pen Bitewing radiographic movie ( KODAK ) RVG Unit Round diamond bur Air rotor CPI investigation Method SAMPLE SELECTION: ( n = 100 ) Inclusion standards: Untreated sound or enamel and /or dentinal lesion proximal surfaces of lasting 1st Molar A ; primary 2nd Molar ( E A ; 6 – Zsigmondy-Palmer notation ) . Exclusion standards: Teeth with buccal, linguistic or occlusal carious lesions, fillings, crevice sealers A ; orthodontic sets. Medically compromised kid, Handicapped kid, victim of kid maltreatment A ; neglect, developmental malformations. Teeth with obvious proximal carious lesions ( clinically noticeable ) . Methodology This in-vivo survey will be carried out in the Department of Pedodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences A ; Research Centre, Pune. The topics for the survey will be selected as per inclusion A ; exclusion standards from the Outpatient Department ( O.P.D. ) . The survey will be carried out from 1st January 2010 boulder clay 1st June 2011 for mentioned sample size. Prior to scrutiny, surfaces of dentitions are to be professionally cleaned amp ; dried. Two professionally trained testers, experienced in cavities diagnosing would be entitled for scrutiny of selected dentitions and standardization for intra- and inter-examiner variableness. After choice of the topics, an account about the survey is to be given and legal defenders of the patients have to subscribe an informed consent. Visual- haptic scrutiny with ICDAS II: Group I Visual-tactile scrutiny to be performed with oral cavity mirror, investigation A ; explorer under dental chair visible radiation without magnification. Proximal cavities is recorded utilizing ICDAS II. FOTI with ICDAS II: Group II Using the ICDAS II standards, scrutiny is performed with Microlux transilluminator device ( FOTI ) A ; the consequences to be recorded. Conventional Bitewing skiagraphy: Group III Bitewing radiogram is to be taken with conventional movies with an appropriate exposure clip. Development of movies is to be done manually under standard conditions. The following recording standard is to be followed: 0 – sound ( no radiolucency is seeable ) 1 – Decayed ( circumscribed distinguishable radiolucency is seeable ) X – No sentiment could be formed Digital Bitewing skiagraphy: Group IV Digital bitewing radiogram is to be taken with the aid of Digital X-ray unit ( RVG Unit ) . The images to be displayed on the proctor screen. The testers would be given the freedom to set the brightness and contrast of the image. Similar standard as above ( C-BWR ) is to be considered. Laser Fluorescence Caries sensing ( DIAGNOdent pen ) : Group V Following the above scrutiny methods, the proximal surfaces of the selected dentition topic to scrutiny with investigation tip 2 of the DIAGNOdent pen, conforming to industries instructions. The recording is done as per cut-off points suggested by Lussi, et al19. Validation When both testers agreed to the presence of proximal cavities, an operative intercession utilizing circular diamond bur and air rotor is to be done. This will function as a GOLD STANDARD in the proof method for diagnosing. The testers are supposed to utilize the dentin hardness standard with an adventurer to separate the carious and healthy dentin16. Tonss harmonizing to badness of the lesion was established for each validated tooth: 0 – no cavities 1 – Cavities confirmed to enamel 2 – Cavities widening to dentin Statistical Analysis The consequences obtained would be subjected to statistical analysis utilizing SPSS package. How to cite Methods For Proximal Caries Detection Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

A Case Analysis on Role Of Human Resource

Question: Prepare a Business Report that addresses the human resource issues raised in the case study as provided on the Moodle course site. Answer: Introduction: This report is an analysis of a given case study that is based on the strategic role of human resource within the organizational environment. The case study highlights upon the key issues related to the strategic human resource management depicted throughout the case scenario. It lays importance upon the need to develop a strategic as well as coordinated approach within any organizational environment for developing the most essential assets of any organization, its workforce(Bowen and Ostroff, 2004). The report provides important information about the various aspects of strategic human resource management and the roles that it has in the present business environment. Within the context of any organization the development of effective strategies is possible once organizational approaches for managing human resource are effectively understood by the firm. Various approaches which serve creation of particular strategies like developing capability of resources, higher performance, effect ive practices, higher commitment of management, etc. Human resource is considered to be one of the competitive advantages of any firm. Human resource management forms an integral part of the organization which deals with the welfare of both the organization and its employees (Chadwick, 2005). It basically coordinates the functions of al employees. In the context to human resource management, the changing situation of the competitive environment has led to the development of the concept of strategic human resource management. In the latest competitive environment, roles and responsibilities of the strategic human resource management have been increasing at a much wider pace(Bowen and Ostroff, 2004). Legal issues involved in Redundancy policy: The concept of redundancy as a human resource approach refers to a situation whereby the position of an employee is or will be becoming surplus towards the requirements of a business. As mentioned in the case study, the company Wordsmiths had acquired the book retailer Mainly Books, and this has raised the number of workforce and in turn exceeded the overall requirement of business (Campos e Cunha and Cunha, n.d.). There are excessive workforces and not all of them are equally productive to the organization. So, the CEO of Wordsmiths had a consultation with Gemma who is the human resource manager at the organization. It was decided upon to implement the redundancy policy. Commonly, redundancies are implemented for commercial reasons, and not due to any other causes like performance or capability issues. Any provisions of redundancy would be clearly stated in the Individual Employment Agreement or Collective Agreement on how a business would deal with the circumstance (Chadwick, 2005) . As referred to in the case study, the organization and its employers need to act in good faith that extends towards employers consulting with employees regarding the changes to organization such as how this would impact upon the workforce, informing the employees clearly about the selection criteria for redundancy, providing the employees with a reasonable notice period if chosen, and also advising them regarding any resource or assistance to be offered to redundant employees. Another important aspect the employer must take an account of is the impacts the redundancies upon the existing workforce. Since the process of downsizing might sometimes have adverse impact upon staff morale and productivity, it is important that the organization or its employers adopt a fair means to incorporate the process within the organization. If workforce within the mentioned organization bears a perceived idea that the employer does not treat the employees fairly in the process of redundancy, they w ould rather prefer moving on themselves since they would grow a belief that the organization would treat them the similar way during their turn. This would prove to be harmful for the organization in the long run. With reference to the given case study about Gemma, the Chief Executive Officer of Wordsmiths, Allan had suggested target individuals who are closer to retirement age while adopting the process of redundancy. This approach of Allan is quite justified and feasible since these are the individuals who have completed several successful years of employment and now at the verge of retirement. These individuals would not regret if few more years of their employment are cut off (Chen, 2009). Rather they would prefer taking a break after such a successful career. On the other hand, the younger generation of employees who are in the middle way of their career or have just started their career would prefer continuing with their services. And so, if the organization chose to redundant employees of the younger generation, then it would have created lot of buzz and resentment among the employees (Warner, 2013). So, the decision taken up by Allan was justified and feasible in terms of organizationa l approach. Human Resource Information System: As depicted in the case scenario, strategic human resource involves the implementation of human resource information management system. Basically this refers to the intersection of organizational human resources and that of information technology by means of human resource software(Warner, 2013). This concept permits all activities as well as processes of human resource to take place electronically. The CEO of the company Wordsmiths, Allan, had asked Gemma to configure the human resource information system for providing useful data regarding the workforce of the organization. In order to incorporate as desired, Gemma must lay effort in developing an effective system of information to maintain all confidential data nad information about the organizational workforce. The system must be developed and controlled in such a manner that the higher level authorities may extract and use the given set of information during the time of need. This human resource information system (HRIS) develop ed by Gemma would offer payroll, recruiting, benefits, training, and compliance solutions. Most of these would be flexibly designed as well as integrated databases, comprehensive attributes, effective reporting functions as well as analysis abilities which would be needed to manage the entire workforce. This system would provide Gemma with effective assistance. For an instance, an effective human resource information system would allow the organization to manage its employees by means of effective elements like HR and Payroll. Besides these essential software solutions, this human resource information system must offer various other options for helping the organizations to understand as well as utilize the collective skills, experiences, and talents of the employees(Warner, 2013). When Gemma would be implementing this system in the organization, it would enhance the process of communication and also prevent tedious paperwork by replacing it with easily-accessible and centralized loc ation for all policies of the organization, announcements, etc. Employee activities like time-off requests and W-4 form changes may be automated, thereby leading to fast approvals as well as less paperwork. Human Resource Planning: As referred to the given case study, it is evident that the organization Wordsmiths had immense of market reputation and recognition. The firm conducts its business in an effective manner and possess adequate market share in the country of Australia. Now, with the acquisition of another firm Mainly Books, the organization has rather increased its size and dimension, and with this it has taken up additional roles and responsibilities upon it (Chen, 2009). So, some changes are now required to be introduced in the process of human resource planning. The concept of strategic human resource planning links the management of human resource directly with the strategic planning the firm. Therefore, the company must incorporate the qualitative form of human resource planning (Collings and Mellahi, 2009). This type of planning process would ensure sufficient human resources for meeting the strategic goals as well as operational plans within the firm. It would enable it to assign the right kind of job to the right employee at the right time to bring about the desired positive outcome. The qualitative planning process would keep up the economic, social, technological, and legislative trends which effect upon the organizational human resources of Wordsmiths. This form of strategic human resource planning would enable the organization to predict the required needs of the HR management within the firm after thorough analysis of the present inventory of human resource, the availability of labor in the external market and also the environment where it would operate in(Wang, 2012). Qualitative form of human resource planning would be effective for this organization as it means after successful determination of number of employees in each department within the firm, it is necessary to determine the various types of jobs that would state the minimum qualification required by the hired employees. Quantitative nature of human resource planning includes forecasting of demand as well as supply. It refers to the perfect number of individuals while qualitative approach shows the right quality of workforce required at the firm (de Waal and Roobol, 2014). Generally three methods exist with the process of demand forecasting. Statistical approaches are the reliable means for long range employee forecasting. It includes regression analysis as a significant forecasting technique for estimating the requirements of the workforce depending on sales, output, etc, while both dependent as well as independent variables are related to each other. Managerial judgment is another impor tant aspect of demand forecasting (Townsend et al., 2011). When this organization uses the approach of qualitative method of human resource planning, it would enable managers to think and stay ahead by predicting successfully the actual requirements of the organization. Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing HR functions: The human resource department of an organization is solely responsible to conduct different functions. The department is responsible to oversee employee payroll as well as tax filing including that of employee benefits as well as health of an organization. This department is responsible to manage legal compliance, oversee training and development, and maintain files as well as records(Thompson, 2011). Often, due to greater dimension of responsibilities of the human resource department, it has been becoming excessively complex and comprehensive. This results in the business to outsource its major functions of human resource management. The concept of outsourcing human resource activities has its own advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of Outsourcing: Some of the advantages that the mentioned firm may enjoy by outsourcing human resource activities are - 1. Managing risk With respect to the provided case scenario, outsourcing would enable the mentioned business to minimize all risks. By outsourcing, the firms would remain abreast on multiple federal as well as state employment laws. When outsourced, the staffs help businesses to comply with all changing laws for avoiding costly lawsuits (de Waal and Roobol, 2014). It would also enable the firm to maintain as well as audit various policies of the firm for ensuring the entire organization to stay updated. 2. Saving cost Outsourcing supports in reducing the maintenance cost. A completely functional human resource department requires separate office space with trained experts and human resource staffs. So, most of the small business firms prefer outsourcing all activities to external entities to meet the required objectives(Innes and Wiesner, 2012). This reduces all sorts of expenses considerably. 3. Efficiency Outsourcing HR activities would create increased efficiency in the overall system. Advanced technology used in the human resource management would support in streamline vital functions like payroll, compliance management, benefit administration, etc. Outsourcing therefore helps in preventing wastage of time in tedious paperwork. 4. Employee development The concept of outsourcing enables businesses to manage performance as well as development of employees. This enables periodic monitoring of performance as well as finding report for management (Janssens and Steyaert, 2009). This lessens the burden of the managers by reducing needless responsibilities. The managers may increasingly focus on the development of the workforce. Disadvantages of Outsourcing HR activities: Some of the disadvantages of the outsourcing that the mentioned firm may face are - 1. Poor performance Organizations often outsource activities for limiting costs. However, reduced costs leads to decreased quality of performance by the firm that serves the outsourced firms(Sheehan and Cooper, 2011). Any sort of poor performances in the work or human resource related activities may reduce the overall reputation and image of the firm. This also impacts negatively on the company recognition. 2. Distance This concept of outsourcing often leads to a sense of distance amidst that of the company and its employees. When HR department is inaccessible instantly, the workforce faces delays within communication, and makes employees feel frustrated. This reduces the morale of the workforce. 3. Recruitment problems Often that outsourced-employees lack the proper understanding of the organizational culture and practices internally. Since human resource department hire employees, this lack of understanding shifts to new employees who fail to fit within the organizational culture. Most importantly, the organizational success depends greatly upon the performance of organizational workforce (Janssens and Steyaert, 2009). 4. Information leaks Outsourcing human resources activities often results in communicating important and sensitive information of the company. The process of outsourcing often causes release of essential information to the other organization where outsourcing activities are bestowed upon. This increases the chances of information leaks. 5. Loss of control or Dependency Once human resource activities or functions are outsourced to external means, the organizational management or higher authority often relies upon the external means for getting their tasks done(Kaufman, 2001). This leads to loss of effective control upon the important activities, and they become increasingly dependent upon the external sources. As mentioned in the case scenario, Gemma is the chief human resource manager. She is at such a position where she is solely responsible for taking effective decisions at the given situation. In this situation, before hopping on to any final decision, it is important for her to understand the internal as well as external circumstances of the organization (Kramar, 2013). Since she has been assigned with one of the greatest responsibilities of the organization that is to seek for strategic human resource management within the firm, she is responsible for taking key decisions regarding the human resource management and functions at Wordsmiths. With the company Wordsmiths acquiring the book retail store Mainly Books, the overall dimension of activities and organizational functions have widened and the scopes of human resource department have increased greatly. With the acquisition of Mainly Books, the responsibilities of Wordsmiths have increased greatly, and so the human resource departm ent would have to put greater effort to maintain all activities and functions of the company. Gemma, who is the concerned human resource manager at Wordsmiths, needs to make important decisions like whether to take up all activities within the firm or to outsource human resource activities to external means. Although outsourcing has great number of advantages, it is not justified on behalf of Gemma to adopt such an approach (Lange, 2013). It is better for the mentioned organization to conduct all activities within the organization itself and not outsource those. This would ensure increased quality and effectiveness of the incorporated functions. Conclusions: As referred to in the case study, the organization and its employers need to act in good faith that extends towards employers consulting with employees regarding the changes to organization such as how this would impact upon the workforce, informing the employees clearly about the selection criteria for redundancy, providing the employees with a reasonable notice period if chosen, and also advising them regarding any resource or assistance to be offered to redundant employees (Lee Cooke, 2011). Another important aspect the employer must take an account of is the impacts the redundancies upon the existing workforce. Recommendations: Since the process of downsizing might sometimes have adverse impact upon staff morale and productivity, it is important that the organization or its employers adopt a fair means to incorporate the process within the organization. Qualitative form of human resource planning would be effective for this organization as it means after successful determination of number of employees in each department within the firm, it is necessary to determine the various types of jobs that would state the minimum qualification required by the hired employees (Mahoney, 2000). Quantitative nature of human resource planning includes forecasting of demand as well as supply. It refers to the perfect number of individuals while qualitative approach shows the right quality of workforce required at the firm. Although outsourcing has great number of advantages, it is not justified on behalf of Gemma to adopt such an approach. It is better for the mentioned organization to conduct all activities within the orga nization itself and not outsource those. This would ensure increased quality and effectiveness of the incorporated functions. References Bowen, D. and Ostroff, C. (2004). Understanding HRM-Firm Performance Linkages: The Role of the "Strength" of the HRM System.The Academy of Management Review, 29(2), p.203. Campos e Cunha, R. and Cunha, M. (n.d.). Impact of Strategy, HRM Strength and HRM Bundles on Innovation Performance and Organizational Performance.SSRN Journal. Chadwick, C. (2005). The vital role of strategy in strategic human resource management education.Human Resource Management Review, 15(3), pp.200-213. Chen, C. (2009). Strategic human resource practices and innovation performance: the mediating role of knowledge management capacity.Strategic Direction, 25(6). Collings, D. and Mellahi, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda.Human Resource Management Review, 19(4), pp.304-313. de Waal, A. and Roobol, M. (2014). Applying evidence-based HRM: the case of bonuses in the home furnishing industry.Evidence-based HRM, 2(2), pp.192-208. Innes, P. and Wiesner, R. (2012). Beyond HRM intensity: Exploring intra-function HRM clusters in SMEs.Small Enterprise Research, 19(1), pp.32-51. Janssens, M. and Steyaert, C. (2009). HRM and Performance: A Plea for Reflexivity in HRM Studies.Journal of Management Studies, 46(1), pp.143-155. Kaufman, B. (2001). The theory and practice of strategic HRM and participative management.Human Resource Management Review, 11(4), pp.505-533. Kramar, R. (2013). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), pp.1069-1089. Lange, T. (2013). Evidence based HRM: a scholarship perspective with a difference.Evidence-based HRM, 1(1), pp.4-15. Lee Cooke, F. (2011). Researching HRM in China: challenges and research directions.Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 2(1). Mahoney, J. (2000). Strategic Human Resource Management.Academy of Management Review, 25(3), pp.677-679. Sheehan, C. and Cooper, B. (2011). HRM outsourcing: the impact of organisational size and HRM strategic involvement.Personnel Review, 40(6), pp.742-760. Thompson, P. (2011). The trouble with HRM.Human Resource Management Journal, 21(4), pp.355-367. Townsend, K., Wilkinson, A., Allan, C. and Bamber, G. (2011). Mixed signals in HRM: the HRM role of hospital line managers1.Human Resource Management Journal, 22(3), pp.267-282. Wang, G. (2012). Indigenous Chinese HRM research: phenomena, methods, and challenges.Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 3(2), pp.88-99. Warner, M. (2013). Originality: challenges in Chinese HRM research.Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 4(2), pp.117-120.

ABEKA VOCABULARY, SPELLING, POETRY IV QUIZ 9A Essay Example

ABEKA VOCABULARY, SPELLING, POETRY IV QUIZ 9A Paper censure to express disapproval or condemnation divulge to reveal a secret; to make known enamor to inflame with love; to charm, fascinate feign to put on or give a false appearance of; to fabricate abate to lessen in force or intensity to be eaten away gradually, as by chemical action corrode to kidnap or unlawfully carry a person off by force abduct to add fictitious details embellish to bring peace, often by satisfying demands appease to express sympathy with another in his affliction condole spell each spoken word completely spell each spoken word politician spell each spoken word grammar spell each spoken word specimen spell each spoken word Portuguese spell each spoken word inoculate spell each spoken word playwright spell each spoken word apparatus spell each spoken word hemorrhage spell each spoken word recommend

Aisle and Isle

Aisle and Isle Aisle and Isle Aisle and Isle By Maeve Maddox When I came across this use of the word isle on a parenting site, I couldnt help wondering how common the error might be: many people share beliefs from one end of the isle, and some from the other. The context was an item about teaching children about differing political views without prejudicing them against right or left. The writers use of the word isle refers to the seating arrangements in the U.S. in which national representatives and senators sit according to party affiliation. In the U. S. House of Representatives, members of the Democratic Party sit to the Speakers right and members of the Republican Party sit to the Speakers left. A wide central aisle divides the well of the House. In the U. S. Senate, Democratic senators sit to the presiding officers right, and Republican senators sit to the presiding officers left. Metaphorically speaking, ones political opinions can be said to belong to one side of the aisle or the other. A Google search for one side of the isle brought up nearly seven million hits. Many of them were used in reference to small islands, like the Isle of Man, but a dismaying number of links led to texts in which isle occurred in a context that called for aisle. Many were being used in a political context: In the political space there are tons of examples that highlight this issue and they are often controversial. As I said they don’t reside on one side of the isle. Shy of a few misguided Republicans I think the blame for this debacle will lie 99% with one side of the isle. Where does each side of the isle stand on foreign aid? Other examples occurred in literal contexts in which the meaning was passageway between seats or shelves and not small island or island-like structure: If you are in a supermarket stand in the middle of the isle and stare at the products on one side of the isle (leadership training exercise) This [Amtrak] car offers what we call 2 1 seating, where there are two seat [sic] on one side of the isle and one seat on the other side. Perhaps, the most memorable scene of perplexing symbolism follows Alice, with a shovel against her shoulder, and Luc through the toy isle of a supermarket. On one side of the isle, Alice is staring at Barbie dolls (movie review) A little boy was part of his aunts wedding party. As he was coming down the isle during the ceremony (lead-in to a joke in which isle is used for aisle four times in six sentences) Isle derives from Latin insula, island. When it came into English in the late 13th century, the word was spelled ile. Aisle derives from a word meaning wing. (Old French ele, Modern French aile.) The s was restored to the English word ile in the late 1500s. By then, ile and ele/aile had become confused, perhaps from a notion of a detached part of a church (Online Etymology Dictionary), so an s found its way into aisle to match isle. Both aisle and isle are pronounced [Ä «l]. Seating charts for U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingThe Four Sounds of the Spelling OU15 Idioms for Periods of Time

Literature synopsis project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Literature synopsis project - Essay Example The book is for those people struggling with nicotine addiction. The author used inspiring stories and messages from real women who have struggled with nicotine addiction. These includes intrauterine growth retardation and adverse health effects, during pregnancy (Allen, 2002). Moreover, it affects the foetal growth and childbirth weight leading to abnormal bleeding as well as premature birth. The author argues the factors leading to nicotine addiction are unemployment, low level of education, increased stress and poverty. This is very effective because it eliminate psychological factors that result to cigarette addiction. There are several cases that women smokers continue smoking during pregnancy. Maternal smoking pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes, for example, 150-200g decrement in in childbirth weight and high neonatal mortality rate. In addition, infants have a higher risk of infant death syndrome, language problem, behavioral problem and antisocial problems. In other words, maternal smoking pregnancy reduces the development of central nervous system in such a way that it may predispose the infant to various neurobehavioral problems. Nomura, Gilman and Buka (2011) found that the children of women who smoked more than twenty cigarettes in a day were at a greater risk of alcohol disorder and neurobehavioral problems. Thus, there should be intervention on mother to reduce smoking during pregnancy. Yoko Nomura, Stephen Gilman and Stephen Buka (2013). Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Alcohol Use Disorders Among Adult Offspring, Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(2): 199–209 Cigarette smoking is harmful to both mother and unborn child because its carcinogenic effect on various organs. Smoking during pregnancy accelerates the risk associated with intrauterine growth retardation and adverse health effects (Chung et al., 2001). In addition, it affects the foetal

Kant and Schopenhauer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kant and Schopenhauer - Essay Example ical imperative can be termed as an unconditional principle that that all rational human use and it is free form from influence by one’s desire or motive. Kant has given proof that human autonomy should be a presupposed state of free will. Moral action is dictated by its uniqueness of the antinomy of freedom and fundamental determination. For one to do the right thing actions intended should have an impact in the world and one has to go on and undertake it to proof that one is free from external influence. Morality demands for causality and freedom from us. One can be able to conceptualize actions in two ways. One can think in two ways but at the same time, one should be intellectually independent. An autonomous will is required if we are to act morally (Walker, 2012). Moral law is motivated by the desire to attain other interest. Rational will can only come from moral law. This principle emphasizes that people should recognize the freedom of other to act independently to promote universal sable of moral laws. Kant challenges us to act and our will regarded and while at this, we should be able to make universal laws through this princ iple. When we follow reason, the world around us will be shaped by the authority that underlies within our will as humans. The ‘End in Itself†is another maxim used by Kant. It implies that one should treat others whether in one’s personality or others as resource and at the same as an end. Simply put we should not use others as objects but we should perceive them with dignity and significance we all bear. This helps us to differentiate things that have instrumental value and those that have inherent value. In life some things are only used as objects to obtain others. We appreciate inherent things for what they are and not for what they help us accomplish. According to Kant, people have inherent in the sense that we are able to go beyond our instincts and make critical decisions concerning our lived and the society at large

Review of Cleland Prosthetic Bodies and Virtual Cyborgs Essay

Review of Cleland Prosthetic Bodies and Virtual Cyborgs - Essay Example According to Cleland, the cyborg-like emerging of bodies and technology has become commonplace for a majority of the human activities, such as industrial manufacturing and exploration and that we have, at this point in history, largely embraced human-machine coupling thus enhancing their presence among the populations. Cleland goes further to suggest that a percentage of the world’s population is now composed of cyborgs. These â€Å"cyborgs† come in various types: for instance, people who have GPS chips implanted in their bodies, people with artificial arms and skins as well as those with implanted eye lenses. All of these are examples of practical cyborgs in ordinary human life. Cleland then further expands upon the notion of virtual cyborgs. Virtual cyborgs, or rather, avatars, have become commonplace in the online environment as they provide a critical connection between the virtual world and reality. She states that â€Å"avatars are perceived digital representatio n that behaves or are executed in real time by a human being†.The article succeeds in expounding upon the virtual re-embodiment that becomes possible through avatars in the sense that people can expand their sensory perceptions into virtual environments through the help of avatars. Video games are a perfect example of how this virtual re-embodiment takes place since the player is connected to the virtual environment through the joystick or mouse that can simulate the movement of the avatar in the manner in which the player wants the avatar to behave.

Nutritional Considerations in Geriatric Care

Nutritional Considerations in Geriatric Care Title of the Topic: Nutritional Considerations in Geriatrics Running Title: Geriatric Nutrition List of Cotributors: Dr.Veena B. Benakatti, Post Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University Belagavi Dr.Raghunath Patil, Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University Belagavi Dr Ulhas N Amasi , Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University Belagavi Dr Veena Benakatti1, Dr Raghunanth Patil2, Dr Ulhas N Amasi3 Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University Belgavi. Abstract: Human beings need a wide range of nutrients to lead a healthy and active life. The nutrients required for different physiological age groups can be derived only from a well balanced diet. One of the major challenges for the success of health sciences in present scenario is increasing elderly population in the society. Nutritional deficiency, particularly of proteins is very common in elderly people. Over 60% of elderly people are malnourished, and there are many causes for this malnutrition and it is not always easy to differentiate the age related from the pathological. We always need to remind the phrase that it is of great importance to add life to years and not years to life. Here is an article reviewing the basics of nutrition in elderly people and role of prosthodontist in the same. Key words: Diet Counseling, Geriatrics, Healthy, Nutrition, Prosthodontist, Recommended Dietary Allowance. Introduction Nutrition is the basic human need and a prerequisite for healthy life. A well proportionate diet is essential from the very early stages of life for proper growth, development and maintatinance of normal body functioning, physical activity and, health.1 The three basic prerequisites to sustain life are air, water, and food. Human being is supposed to consume air, water and food in pure and naturally occurring condition. However, assuming air and water is being consumed in pure form, food is the basic requisite for healthy life which is in control of human being but still the one most neglected. The overall improvement in economy at the macro level and subsequent improvements in purchasing power (though unevenly distributed) among households have not resulted in the expected levels of improvement in the nutritional status of Indians mainly because of ignorance. The major food issues of concern are insufficient and imbalanced intake of nutrients.1 One of the major challenges in field of health sciences is the increasing number of geriatric population in the society. Also, it is expected that by 2050, 20% of the total geriatric population of the world would be in India.2 Nutritional deficiencies particularly concerning protein is very common in elderly. Over 60% of elderly people are malnourished, and many causes may be traced for this malnutrition and it is not always easy to differentiate the age related factors from the pathological.3 We need to always remember the phrase that it is of great importance to add life to years and not years to life.2 Nutritional needs of the elderly Nutrition in geriatrics needs a special attention considering factors that affect nutritional status of an aging individual. Physiological changes that occur with age, like Body composition (Annual decline in lean body mass of 1-2% and decline in extracellular water) reduced and impaired organ function, therapeutic drugs affect nutritional status of elderly people. Apart from these, Emotional problems, Insufficient funds, inability to shop and food preparation problems, adherence to specific diet, alcohol, above all the individuals’ taste play a more important role for the selection of food than does the availability of nurients.4 The main sources of energy in Indian diets, which are mainly plant food based, are Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein considered to be macronutrients. Other nutrients are Vitamins and minerals, which are considered as micronutrients. The required nutrients for different physiological groups can only be derived from a well balanced diet.1 Water Water accounts for 70% of total human body weight. It is a constituent of blood and other vital body fluids. A normal healthy person will require 8 glasses (2 liters) of water per day. During very hot weather and when undertaking vigorous physical activity, the requirement of water increases as a considerable amount of water is lost through sweat. Water should be free from disease-causing agents like bacteria, viruses, parasites etc., and harmful chemical substances like pesticides, industrial wastes, and heavy metals, nitrates, arsenic and excess of fluoride. Boiling for 10-15 minutes is a satisfactory method of purifying the water. Tablets containing 0.5 g of chlorine can disinfect 20 liters of water.1 Energy Body needs energy, to maintain body temperature, metabolic activity and for supporting physical work and growth. The main source of energy in the Indian diet is carbohydrates which derived largely from cereals. These cereals constitute 80% of our diet and provide 50-80% of daily energy intake. Elderly Men need 46kcal/kg/day (average 2730kcal/kg/day). Elderly Women need 41kcal/kg/day (average 2230kcal/kg/day).1 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates provide energy of 4 Kcal/g (Table 1). The simple carbohydrates, glucose and fructose, are found in fruits, vegetables and honey, sucrose in sugar and lactose in milk, while the complex polysaccharides are starches in cereals, millets, pulses and root vegetables and glycogen in animal foods. The elderly consume a large proportion of their calories as carbohydrates, possibly at the expense of other nutrients like protein, because of their low cost, ability to be stored without refrigeration and ease of preparation. Denture patients preferring soft foods high in simple sugars fat should be advised importance of complex carbohydrates. Fiber component of complex carbohydrates promotes bowel function, lowers glycemic response, reduce serum cholesterol prevents diverticular disease. Most of the fruits and vegetables (except potatoes, watermelon, sweet corn) whole grains, beans, lentils are low glycemic index foods.1 Proteins Dietary proteins should provide eight essential amino acids in a proper proportion and in adequate quantities to synthesize tissue proteins in the body. Particularly Egg protein is used as a reference protein against which the quality of other proteins can be considered. Vegetable proteins, like cereals, legumes and vegetables are of poorer quality than animal proteins. Cereal proteins are generally deficient in lysine and pulses or legume proteins deficient in methionine. However, when both cereal and pulses (legumes) are consumed in the diet in proper proportions, the proteins from these two sources will supplement each other and overcome each other‘s deficiencies in lysine or methionine to a significant extent. Daily requirement of protein is .8g/kg body wt (60g for males 55g for females per day).1 Fat The maximum amount of fat that can be consumed in the diet should not exceed 30 %E (about 60g visible fat / day). Fat intake if exceeds 35% E may increase the risk of diet related non communicable diseases and should be avoided. However, daily fat intake in the diet can be between 20-30%E (20- 40 g/day). Low fat milk and dairy foods should be consumed. Processed, premixed, ready to eat and fast foods should be avoided. Beef and mutton should be consumed moderately. Use of butter/Ghee should be limited. Intake of saturated fat (butter, ghee and hydrogenated fats) and cholesterol (red meat, eggs, organ meat) should be restricted. Excess of these substances could lead to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Use palm oil, sesame, rice bran, or cotton seed oils as they have higher thermal stability. For bakery items use coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil or their blends/solid fractions.1 Dietary fiber Dietary fiber is the remnants of the edible part of plants and is similar to carbohydrates which are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the human large intestine. Dietary fiber includes polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lignin and associated plant products. Dietary fiber exhibits one or more of either laxation (fecal bulking and softening; increased frequency; regularity), blood cholesterol attenuation, blood glucose attenuation. Animal foods do not contain fiber. Cereals, seeds, beans, many fruits and vegetables, bran and whole grain are sources of fiber. In Indian scenario fiber deficiency is rare as it is consumed adequately in daily Indian foods. However, a minimum intake of 20-35 g of fiber is recommended for long-term good health.1 Minerals Minerals are calorie free and essential nutrients which regulate many biological functions. Minerals such as iron, zinc and copper aids in collagen formation, Wound healing, and regulate inflammation.5 Calcium and Phosphorous Average need of calcium over 60yrs is 1500mg daily, and of phosphorous 1gm/day. Elemental Ca:P ratio of 1:1 has to be maintained. Sources include Milk and milk products, Egg, Meat, Fish, millet ragi, Green Leafy Vegetables. Milk is Rich source of bioavailable calcium. Milk fat serves as a vehicle for fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E. Since milk fat is of the saturated type, those who need to be on a low fat diet can consume skimmed/toned milk. For strict vegetarians, milk is the only source of vitamin B12. Milk is also rich in riboflavin. Only pasteurized or boiled milk should be consumed to ensure protection from disease-causing agents. Osteoporosis is the most common disease affecting aging person and postmenopausal women resulting from calcium deficiency.1 Iron, Zinc, Sodium, Magnesium and Potassium – (Table No 2) Vitamins These are essential organic and calorie free molecules necessary for human body. They are further classified as fat soluble and water soluble vitamins.5 (Table No 3) As a person grows older, he tends to become physiologically less active and therefore need lesser calories to maintain their weights. The daily intake of oil should not exceed 20 g. Use of ghee, butter, and coconut oil should be avoided. They need foods rich in protein such as pulses, toned milk, egg-white etc. Therefore, the elderly need nutrient-rich foods rich in calcium, micro-nutrients and fiber. Apart from cereals and pulses, they need daily at least 200-300 ml of milk and milk products and 400 g of vegetables and fruits to provide fiber, micro-nutrients and antioxidants. Inclusion of these items in the diet improves the quality of the diet and bowel function. Flesh foods and eggs add to the quality of diet. The diet needs to be well cooked, soft and less salty and spicy. Small quantities of food should be consumed at more frequent intervals and adequate water should be consumed to avoid dehydration hyponatraemia. 6 Food preparation Fermentation and germination (sprouting) are common Indian food practices which definitely improve digestibility and increase nutrients such as B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. Repeated washing of food grains like rice and pulses will lead to loss of minerals and vitamins. Cutting vegetables into smaller pieces will expose a greater surface area of the foodstuff to the atmosphere, resulting in loss of nutrients like vitamins due to oxidation. Cut vegetables should not be soaked in water for longer time, as water-soluble minerals and vitamins will get dissolved. Boiling being the most common method of cooking, will lead to loss of heat-labile and water-soluble vitamins like vitamins B-complex and C. excess water should not be used while cooking rice. Shallow frying uses much smaller amounts of oils than deep frying. Repeated heating of oils particularly PUFA-rich oils results in formation of peroxides and free radicals and, thus, should be avoided. Oils which have been repeatedly hea ted should not to be mixed with fresh oil. Microwave do not cook uniformly and leave some cold spots in the food by which harmful bacteria can enter into body, avoid large amounts and big pieces in the microwave oven otherwise mix the food in between for uniform heating or cooking.6 Natural fruit juices provide energy, vitamins (beta carotenes, vitamin C) and minerals (potassium, calcium). Fruit juices are potassium rich and are ideal for hypertension. Compared to natural fruit juices, synthetic drinks do not contain nutrients. Tea and coffee although relieve mental and muscular fatigue should be avoided at least one hour before and after meals due to presence of tannin that interfere with absorption of iron. Coffee known to increase Blood Pressure and abnormalities in heart beat, excess tea coffee is harmful to health as they contain caffeine. Decaffeinated coffee and tea can be consumed which are being marketed to obviate the adverse effects of caffeine.6 Role of Prosthodontist Teeth are not a prerequisite in healthy individuals for proper digestion. However edentulous subjects with poor masticatory function consume more medications than those with better masticatory function for their digestive problems. Impaired masticatory function may lead to adhesion to specific diet and an unbalanced diet in elderly individuals. Apart from masticatory efficiency several other oral conditions like painful mucosal disorders, oral dryness may also lead to nutritional problems.3 Adequate nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining health of aging oral tissues which in turn is going to influence the prognosis of prosthesis6. An adequate dentition either natural or artificial is not always essential for sufficient food intake for maintaining balanced nutrition in normal health, but is necessary to support extra demands of illness aging. Prosthodontist is in a strategic position to evaluate correct nutritional deficiencies that promote premature aging of oral tissues by providing a functional prosthesis. A prosthodontist need to understand aging patient his requirements provide prosthetic treatment to meet his demands helping him towards optimal health a happier life. Quality of denture wearing patient can definitely be improved by diet counseling. Creating nutrition awareness referral to physician or dietitian when required is of utmost importance. A careful screening, diet evaluation and regular follow ups will help to identify nutritional risk deal with it. Objective of diet counseling is to correct imbalance in nutrition that interfere with body as well as oral health.7 Older people with dry mouth are likely to prefer foods that are high in fats, oils and sugars due to ease of chewing and swallowing. Older people with altered taste and smell may consume more sugars as a way of making food palatable. Some people may not consume some foods that are good sources of dietary fiber due to problems with their teeth or dentures. For those with dry mouth, encourage frequent sipping of non-sugared, low acidic drinks such as water. The intake of sugar-containing medications should be limited. Ask the doctor for alternatives for the person in your care. Prepare chopped up vegetables or mashed vegetables for them. Avoid giving them stringy foods. Provide small bite-sized portions of fruit. Conclusion The geriatric population being a very important asset for our society, their experience and guidance in real life is indispensible. As a Prosthodontist, if we think what we can give back to the society? One of the answers could be obtaining detailed knowledge of diet and nutrition and guiding our patients during our long and repeated appointments. This way, Prosthodontist can bang a correct balance between profession and their responsibility towards society at a large and attain professional happiness.2The concluding principle is that proper nutrition is an important aid in preventive medicine in geriatric people in which the practicing Prosthodontist can play a vital role. References Recommended Dietary Allowances For Indians, Report Of Expert Group Of Indian Council Of Medical Research, National Institute Of Nutrition, Hyderabad. Palaskar J. Diet nutrition in geriatric patients- A matter of concern. J Dent Allied Sci 2012; 1(2):44. Philippie Mojon, Ejvind Budtz-Jorgensen, Charles-Henri Rrapin. Relationship between oral health and nutrition in very old people. Age and ageing 1999; 28:463-68 Nancy G sebring, Albert D Gluckes, Shou Hua, Mccarthy. Nutritional adequacy of reported intake of edentulous subjects treated with new conventional or implant-supported mandibular dentures. J Prosthet Dent oct 1995; 74(4):358-63 Snehal Sonarkar, Rucheet Purba, Shishir Singh, Rajesh Podar. â€Å"Components of diet and it relation to dental caries: A review†. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev 2014 Dietary guidelines for Indians, National Institute Of Nutrition 2010 Zarb, Hobkirk, Eckert, Jacob. Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients, 13th Ed. New Delhi, Mosby, Elsevier, 2013;28-33 Sheldon Winkler. Essentials of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, 2nd Ed. New Delhi, AITBS publishers, 2012,15-20 List of Tables: Table 1 Amount of energy derived from various macronutrients.1 Table 2 Recommended Daily Allowance and sources of micronutrients.1 Table 3 Recommended Daily Allowance and sources of vitamins.1 Table 1: Amount of energy derived from various macronutrients.1 Table 2: Recommended Daily Allowance and sources of micronutrients.1 Table 3: Recommended Daily Allowance and sources of vitamins.1

The Collapse of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Mil

Prosperity, job security, hard work and family union are some of the concepts that involves the American Dream, generally speaking. Some people think this dream is something automatically granted; or in contrast, as in the story â€Å"Death of a Salesman† written by Arthur Miller, as something that has to be achieved in order to be successful in life. The play takes issues with those in America who place to much stress on material gain, instead of more admirable values. American society is exemplified with Miller’s work and demonstrates how a dream could turn into a nightmare. Arthur Miller’s, â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, is a play that portrays the author’s life and the psychological problems that brings the collapse of the American Dream for this in a lower-middle family in an economical depression. The reader can see how Arthur Miller was inspired to write this play because of his family background using a biographical approach. Miller’s father â€Å"was a prosperous businessman until the Crash of 1929, after the family suffered through the Depression† (Rollyson) which had a significant influence on his life and works. As we see in the play, Willy Loman in a sense has two different realities. There is a Willy Loman -- â€Å"the financially burdened and emotionally exhausted main character (Thompson) -- is broken, an exhausted man in his sixties, near the end of his life. And there is the more confident, vigorous Willy Loman of some fifteen years before, who appears in flashbacks in the story. If we make a parallel between the story and the author’s life, these two realities are the before and after of the great depression that Miller’s father suffered through when Miller was a child. His life served as the inspiration to create the characters of the story: â€Å"Miller drove trucks, unloaded cargoes, waited on tables, and worked as a clerk in a warehouse.† (Rollyson) Moreover, the psychological view of Willy Loman is shown as a person who works as a traveling salesman and decides to commit suicide because the â€Å"American Dream† overwhelms him. As Charley says in the story: â€Å"the only thing you got in this world is what you can sell†. He is a normal person â€Å"who embodies traditional American values of success.†(Hansberry) In fact, Willy Loman wants to a great extent believe that he is one of the finest salesmen, a winner in life and a great father. For Mr. Loman, the accomplish... ...y he is so obsessed with trying to attain it. He is the product of his own illusions and of a society that believe that with hard work everything is possible. The reader can understand that Willy’s skewed perspective of the â€Å"American Dream† is due to his distortion of his life and the dream that he thinks he lives in everyday. In conclusion, the play represents the collapse of the â€Å"American Dream† for a typical lower-middle class family in Brooklyn during an economic depression. The story represents â€Å"the brutality of the system toward man† (Kroll). Willy, with his illusions of living the present with the mementos of the past represents the unwanted desire to accept reality. Therefore, he decides to commit suicide in a coward way and leave the insurance money to the family. Moreover, his wife sees the whole process of Willy’s death without interference in order to not hurt his pride. His sons, Biff and Happy, always had a constant pressure to achieve luxuries and comforts of the American Dream and due to that pressure they were unable to attain it. Willy dies believing in a dream that his family did not believe because they were seeing reality a little bite closer than him.

American Nightmare Essay

Let’s face it, the economy is in a horrible condition and it can be seen all across the nation. Education, employment, and balancing life is an everyday struggle for most Americans during these hard time. Citizens are stuck in their social class and can not move up, instead they might even fall below their current standard of living. Immigrants are still migrating to this once marvelous country, but their chances of success are quite slim. Job availability is steadily decreasing, and people are not making enough income to live a decent life. The truth is, the American dream is dead. The dream everyone of this nation hoped to achieved has ultimately become a nightmare. The main reasons why the dream is dead is because of; the deteriorating economy, no governmental support, and lack of individualism. A dollar today is no longer what it used to be in the early years of America. Everyone needs money, there is no doubt about that. A person without money is a typically seen as worthless and can not afford to live a decent life. The problem is, all the necessities we need in life are becoming expensive. It has become very difficult for many to citizens to earn enough to live their life. On a personal basis, my family was forced to put our house on foreclosure. The cost of maintaining a house has become quite expensive. Thousands of people are losing their homes and forced to move into less costly homes. This is seen on the internet, T. V, and even in our neighborhoods. Another example of the economy breaking down is our nation’s gas prices. Gas prices are steadily rising, and it has become difficult for many Americans to receive that full tank of gas. So it begs the question, where does society get the money to pay these things off? In other words, a majority of the nation can not pay off their dues. There are less jobs available to the public which equals less money around. Most citizens are forced to live their lives on a depressing minimal wage budget. America should not be in a situation in this, the government should help stabilize the economy. The government; which is composed of officials, law makers, and congress who created this once prosperous nation. However, where are they now? The government seems to be worried about their own campaigns are affairs outside of the US. They do not seem to have any interest in fixing this nation’s problems and help citizens achieve their dreams and goals. Most especially in broken down ghetto neighborhoods , where governmental help is needed the most. The nation must be equally supported in all cities, to result in a stable government system. An excerpt from â€Å"When Work Disappears† by William Julius Wilson describes the changed environment of a once great and prosperous city. When I walked down 63rd street when I was younger, everything you wanted was there. But know, coming back as an adult with my child, those resources are just gone, completely†¦ And housing, everybody has moved, there are vacant lots everywhere† (199). If the government took time to reconstruct the foundations of cities like these, the motivation to follow the dream would live on. The government needs to focus on current affairs and problems in the nation, then focus on other tribulations in different countries. Environments like the one describe, demoralizes the citizens making them ultimately give up hope. However, within these depressing times the American dream applies to one person, yourself. The American dream is created by what a person’s belief, goals, and dreams are. But, can a person achieve their dream if they have no sense of freedom or individualism in this nation? There are numerous restrictions on the common man, for us to truly express or goals and aspirations. The people of this nation can not pursue anything, if they are â€Å"chained† down by society. This statement is clearly evident is a quote in an article by an anonymous writer, Corpus Chrsti Caller Times. The first part of the American Dream is a country where any of us is free to think, believe, say and do anything we want (within some limits) without worrying about being arrested and jailed by government agents†(Corpus). The government needs to be more lenient if a person’s free speech and ideals. If the government always stops us from reaching our goals, we will never be able to. There must be a sense of balance between the control and freedom on each individual in this nation. The American dream once thought to be attainable during the early years of American’s foundation, is no longer or very difficult to attain in these day and age. These problems are Due to the fact of the poor economy, unsupported government, and lack of individuality. All these problems, and much more within the system of the United States destroy the very ideals of the American Dream. The reality of attaining the so called â€Å"American Dream† has become difficult. To most Americans the will to live life anymore has turned into a nightmare. The constant struggles and tribulations thousands of Americans face in this current era. America can relive the dream, only if the heart of American changes.

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Free Essays on Concert Report

May 3, 2003 Music Journal I couldn’t have been roused any more to amazement by our own Hunter symphony college choir. Their incredible physical music flow, extraordinary quality and quantity of songs, intensive energy, picture-perfect orchestral atmosphere, and committed artistic style of individuality and conformity as a whole stroke me in the brain of musical pleasure zone and took my breath away. Yes, it was that good. As a newcomer of classical music, I regret I haven’t been to more large and organized musical orchestra before. I couldn’t help but fell in love the solemn live orchestral music It was Saturday 7:00 pm, May 3rd, I sat in the front row of the balcony wondering about the waste of this Saturday night for a mandatory report. But briefly after beginning of their first program music, my wonders and suspicions flew off to the sky. My mind was occupied by the music instantly. All people around me were quiet and respectful; therefore I could enjoy the music without any vocal or visual distraction. As second orchestra sat and toned in and ready to play Bach’s piece â€Å"Actus tragicus: Gottes Zeit ist die allerbeste Zeit†, I couldn’t be more excited, just like I was waiting to see a blockbuster movie in theater. But this live orchestra shouldn’t compare with any movie I have watched; it was far better accomplished, realistic, spirit lifting and artistic entertaining than any recent movies. I came in with free admission as Hunter College Student, but it was even worth to pay $9.50 to watch this. With every pulls of bow at violin, strokes on the timpani, blows in trombone and singing in chorus, I am affected by their dedicated professionalism, overwhelming musical energy, and orchestral togetherness. Finally, Mozart’s Requiem brought us to the climax. His unfinished Requiem is very mysterious and va... Free Essays on Concert Report Free Essays on Concert Report May 3, 2003 Music Journal I couldn’t have been roused any more to amazement by our own Hunter symphony college choir. Their incredible physical music flow, extraordinary quality and quantity of songs, intensive energy, picture-perfect orchestral atmosphere, and committed artistic style of individuality and conformity as a whole stroke me in the brain of musical pleasure zone and took my breath away. Yes, it was that good. As a newcomer of classical music, I regret I haven’t been to more large and organized musical orchestra before. I couldn’t help but fell in love the solemn live orchestral music It was Saturday 7:00 pm, May 3rd, I sat in the front row of the balcony wondering about the waste of this Saturday night for a mandatory report. But briefly after beginning of their first program music, my wonders and suspicions flew off to the sky. My mind was occupied by the music instantly. All people around me were quiet and respectful; therefore I could enjoy the music without any vocal or visual distraction. As second orchestra sat and toned in and ready to play Bach’s piece â€Å"Actus tragicus: Gottes Zeit ist die allerbeste Zeit†, I couldn’t be more excited, just like I was waiting to see a blockbuster movie in theater. But this live orchestra shouldn’t compare with any movie I have watched; it was far better accomplished, realistic, spirit lifting and artistic entertaining than any recent movies. I came in with free admission as Hunter College Student, but it was even worth to pay $9.50 to watch this. With every pulls of bow at violin, strokes on the timpani, blows in trombone and singing in chorus, I am affected by their dedicated professionalism, overwhelming musical energy, and orchestral togetherness. Finally, Mozart’s Requiem brought us to the climax. His unfinished Requiem is very mysterious and va... Free Essays on Concert Report I attended the Care For Children's Charity Symphony Orchestra’s classical concert series â€Å"Beethoven’s Fifth", on Thursday night, with my mom, in Monmouth, New Jersey. All of the proceeds of this night, went to research for cancer, and to help pay medical bills of children already suffering for Cancer. My mom told me about it this past week, and the timing was great for this project. However, I am glad I was able to attend anyway, to see so many people that came out to benefit and support this charity. That alone, was enough for me. The first half of the concert was introduced by a short and lively movement Rondo in D major of Mozart, and continued with Bernstein’s Symphony No. 2. The second half of the concert was devoted to the four-movement work, Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 in C minor. Like I said, there were so many people there, and the hall was much more crowded than I expected. Everybody dressed nice and talked quietly. The concert host came out and gave a brief description of the piece that was about to be played. It was very informative and fun. I was impressed by the way the host handled some of the questions asked by the audience. After the preview the musicians came out and tuned their instruments, cued by the concertmaster. The orchestra was seated on the stage; the men wore tuxedos, the women wore black dresses or pants. Mozart’s Rondo in D major, K.382 This piece has a homophonic texture, and its form is a concert rondo. Besides the solo piano, there is a variety of aerophones, chordophones, and membranophones used in this piece. I had to look up each type of the instruments because I didnt recognize all of them. Among the aerophones were flute, oboe, French horn, and trumpet. The chordophones played included the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Finally, the membranophone used for this piece was the timpani. This movement is a short set of variations, begins with the dance-like theme state...

Literature review for online booking system for dry cleaners

For online booking system for dry cleaners - Literature review Example undry, ironing, dry cleaning and shoe repair to residents of east, west, north and south Belfast; the system is user-friendly and easy to use for clients. It contains pages about the all washed up laundry and dry cleaning company, delivery service which includes the online booking service, prices, frequently asked questions, where to find them and the their contacts. In addition, they have also created pages that are in line with the services that they offer, these are; domestic laundry services, commercial laundry services, dry cleaning services, ironing services, tailoring and shoe repair service. The visibility of similar websites that are available online is not at its best since it requires a lot of effort before one can locate a laundry and dry cleaning business that is online. The most common places that an individual can find such businesses is in online directories and even in such places, services such as online booking are absent. Just like other websites, the most common security threat for such websites is hacking to steal the clients’ credit card information or other crucial data. According to Morgan (2006), the most common attack will be on SQL databases through the SQL direct injection attack; this injection attack occurs where the hacker gains access to a website and alter the databases either by deleting records in the datable or entire tables of data; the method they do this is through making use of the weak points in the website code especially the way the website code queries the database. However this can be solved through keeping databases error quiet; this means that when a hacker tries to detect vulnerabilities to exploit he will only find friendly messages that do not expose the vulnerabilities (Fernandez, Abrahà £o & Insfran, 2011, p 118). The other solution is to ensure all the data that is entered through form is checked and sanitized for any malicious content before being entered in to the database (Aggarwal et al, 2005, p97).

The world price of copper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The world price of copper - Essay Example In fact, the trade of copper began prior to the Bronze Age when Cyprus began to receive copper objects from Egypt for cuneiforms purposes. In Ancient Greece, copper has been used for architectural work and currency development while the demand for better material due to technical developments and emergence of stamping press have raised the need for copper during Industrial Revolution. Indeed, the rise of copper usage is seen dramatically as Bronze Age entered because copper has been used for several purposes. From Industrial Revolution up to the Contemporary Era, the figure below showed the worldwide changes in the prices of copper from year 2004 to 2011. From a price of $2,424 in January 2004, the price of became high amounting to $8,046 in May 2008. However, price rates fell rapidly to $3,072 in December 2008 and somewhere in 2010. With these data, one might ask â€Å"What drives the changes in the world price of copper? What are the reasons for the increase in world price of copp er? What are the reasons that made the price of copper low?† To answer the questions above, let us examine factors that may affect the price of a product – a perfect example of which would be the law of demand and supply. This could be illustrated in the table below: To guide you in understanding the figure, the horizontal line (Q) in the left figure refers to the number of quantity being demanded while the vertical line refers to the price of the product. In this paper, let us use copper to refer to the product; whereas on the right figure, it represents the relationship between quantity and price using arrows. According to Mankiw (2012), the law of demand states that as the price of the good falls, the quantity demanded rises; whereas, the law of supply states that as the price of the good rises, the quantity also supplied rises (p. 85). These relationships with price explain why the demand curve slopes downward and the supply curve slopes upward. In addition, the arr ow representation of the law of demand is seen on the right figure above. Let us apply the law of demand and supply to the worldwide changes in the prices of copper from year 2004 to 2011 (refer to the figures below). From year January 2004 to May 2008 (period of worldwide increase in copper), assumptions derived from the law of demand and supply will lead to hypotheses that the quantity of copper being demanded must have decreased or the quantity of copper being supplied must have increased for its worldwide price to escalate. Meanwhile, the reverse phenomenon in which the quantity of copper being demanded must have increased or the quantity of copper being supplied must have decreased since December 2008 for its worldwide price to de-escalate. To prove our hypotheses, let us take a closer look at the copper market. As stated earlier, copper has been of major importance to the metal industry and its prices are largely determined by the interaction of demand and supply. Thus, it is essential to allocate resources equally to attain state of equilibrium or balance. In the year 2003 to 2008, the need for copper increased dramatically as China, India, and other Asian countries accumulated supplies for structural reasons (Lipsey and Chrystal, 2007, p. 151). After 2008, world market price of copper began to collapse

Visual Elements of Arguments in Oreo French Ad Essay

Visual Elements of Arguments in Oreo French Ad - Essay Example This ad caught the attraction of people from all parts of the world. According to David Buckingham, â€Å"The Children’s market is potentially large† (Buckingham, p.594). Therefore, advertisers usually create child centered ads for the marketing purposes. This ad is a child-centered ad. The theme of this ad is that a cute little girl teaching her father how to eat Oreo cookies. Ethos, pathos and logos used extensively in this ad to catch the attention of the public. This paper analyses the Visual Elements of Arguments in Oreo French Ad. The beauty of this ad lies in the beauty of the cute girl acting in this ad. According to Jean Kilbourne sometimes the models in ads are children, other times they just look like children (Kilbourne p.471). The girl in this ad spreads the messages both as a child and also as a model. Her conversations with her father and efforts to teach him the way to eat Oreo cookies watched with huge interests by the viewers. In this ad each and every word is selected carefully. The dad asks the permission of his daughter to try the cookie. But the daughter denies him the permission saying that he is not yet ready to taste it. The creators of this ad remind us the fact that children have a specific way of eating cookies. While elders try to eat it fast, children always try to lick it first and enjoy the taste of each minute particle in the cookie. The girl indirectly says that the eating styles of elders are not suitable to enjoy the taste of Oreo cookie. She wants her father to lick it and enjoy the taste of this cookie fully. Here the creators or this ad tries to give pathos and logos to this ad. The daughter’s behaviour helps the viewers to know how emotionally she is attached to this cookie. She does not like the idea of eating it quickly. In fact, she wants to make a company with this cookie as long as possible before enjoying each part of it. The creators of this ad reminds us that there is no point in tasting an Oreo cookie just like other cookies. They wanted to spread the message that this cookie needs special attention while eating to enjoy it fully. Both images and words used carefully in this ad to catch the attention of the public. In fact the backdrops and the colour combinations of the dresses of the father and daughter are selected carefully. These colour combinations provide a pleasant feeling to the viewers. It should be noted that dark colour combinations may look vulgar while dull colour combinations may not catch the attention of the public. The p roducers of this ad knows this principle very well and used a meaningful and attractive colour combination in the pasteurization of this ad. Both visual and audio media blended carefully in this ad to catch the attention of the people. No complicated words or sentences used in this ad. In fact, this ad spreads great messages with the help of simple words. There are plenty of ads which are difficult for ordinary people to digest. However, this ad was created in such a way that even a layman can understand the ideas expressed in it. This ad can be enjoyed fully only of it is displayed in the visual media. Print media cannot communicate the message of this ad properly. It should be noted that the mannerisms and the childish activities of the cute girls catch the attention of the people. In short, the visual media helped the producers immensely in spreading the message of this ad properly. The girl says that eating an Oreo cookie is extremely complicated. In her opinion, there is a spec ial way to eat it. She says that first you twist it, then lick the cream First, you twist it, then lick it, then join it just like a kiss, then dip it milk and eat it. It should be not

Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination Essay Example for Free

Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination Essay The debate is led by anti-vaccinators who oppose vaccinations on ethical, political, religious and medical safety grounds. On the other hand, pro-vaccinators argue that the health benefits of vaccines outweigh the very few adverse effects that they have, and that vaccines have been largely advantageous to public health. Main points of contention: Pro-vaccinators (usually health care specialists, microbiologists, governments, pharmaceutical companies) Vaccinations are an effective and cost-saving tool for disease prevention. Positive externality attached to the use of vaccinations – overall public health is positively affected Side-effects are infrequent and the most common ones are minor. Anti-vaccinators (some conservative Islamic and Christian groups, usually libertarians and victims of public panic) Vaccines are ineffective and are used to generate profits for Big Pharma. Mandatory vaccinations interfere with individual and religious freedoms. Vaccines have severe side-effects and can trigger brain disorders. Points in favor of vaccines The effectiveness of vaccines has been globally verified.  Scientific research confirms the efficiency of all vaccines administered to the public, including the vaccines for measles1, influenza2 and pneumococcal disease3, 4. Protection against seasonal flu, chicken pox, cervical cancer, whooping cough, among other diseases5 Vaccines led to the eradication of small pox6. Global reduction of polio (number of cases has shrunk by over 99% since 1988)7, measles (deaths have reduced by 78%)8, tetanus (92% reduction in global cases since 1980s)9 Most side effects caused by vaccines are minor, such as low-grade fever10. In the US, vaccines are introduced to the public after years of thorough testing and are monitored closely after10. Points against vaccines and rebuttals Vaccines are a ploy by Big Pharma to generate profits by marketing needless vaccines. All companies are motivated by profits, including McDonalds and Apple Inc. Pharmaceutical companies are encouraged by public authorities  toward the production of vaccines due to the resultant overall public health savings, despite the following: Medicines for chronic diseases are more profitable. Production of vaccines is a high-risk venture since it involves huge capital investment for research. Moreover, vaccine production, safety and marketing activities are tightly controlled by authorities11. Foreign governments repeatedly push for lower costs. Although the vaccine industry has grown multifold over the past years and is generally profitable, pharmaceutical companies should not be blamed for misdirection when the health advantages of vaccines have been verified by academia and are widely acknowledged. Exemptions on religious and philosophical basis should be permitted. The religious and philosophical views of a group can be overlooked to protect the health of an entire population, since unvaccinated people create a level of risk for themselves and for the rest of the population12. The Netherlands is at risk of a measles outbreak in the orthodox Protestant group, and the consequent transmission of measles to the general population, as shown by a recent study13. Mandatory vaccines infringe upon individual freedoms. Vaccines directly affect the well-being of the people around, and are thus, not as private a decision as one would assume. Positive externalities are usually ignored by people while making decisions. Some people claim that taxes are unconstitutional. But taxes, like vaccines, are a mutual responsibility and work for the common good. Vaccinations lead to life-threatening side effects. The most common side effects of vaccinations are minor, like low-grade fever or soreness near the injection site10. Scientific research has disproved the popular claims that vaccines cause SIDS14 or brain disorders like autism15, 16. The chances of complications from diseases are much higher than the chances of complications from vaccines. Thimerosal, a preservative used in vaccines, and the MMR vaccine cause autism. Research shows no cause-and-effect relationship between autism and thimerosal17, or autism and  the usage of MMR vaccine15, 16. The usage of thimerosal has only minor side-effects, like swelling near the injection site18, and the most common side effect due to the administration of the MMR vaccine is low-grade fever10. Thimerosal was taken out of vaccines for children in 2001 only as a preemptive measure. Even then, autism rates have only grown18. Nearly all scientists whose researches concluded a positive correlation between vaccines and autism retracted their researches. Vaccines must be repeated and do not provide long-lasting protection. One size neither fits all humans nor all diseases. MMR vaccination does, in most cases, provide life-long protection. Other viruses mutate fast and immunizations must be renewed to fight the virus. Repetitive vaccinations are a small cost to pay in the face of deadly diseases. Even vaccinated children might contract diseases. Vaccinations are 90-99% effective in preventing diseases among children19. These diseases generally manifest with milder symptoms and less severe complications. Some children do not respond to vaccines and some are not immunized due to compromised immune systems or allergies. Herd immunity must be achieved in order to protect the unimmunized population. Whooping cough epidemic despite the availability of vaccinations Effectiveness of vaccine relies on herd immunity Vaccination rates have been dropping due to anti-vaccination movements and the subsequent public panic. Exemptions against vaccines have doubled since 199720.  States which make exemptions easily available to parents have more cases21. Most cases of whooping cough are among infants too young to be vaccinated. Highly-publicized cases of brain damage alleged to have been caused by the whooping cough vaccine created public panic in Great Britain which caused a drop in immunization rates and thus, epidemics of the disease22, 23. Most complications reported were not associated with the vaccination22. Better hygiene and sanitation in the recent years is the reason for the falling rates of diseases. Better hygiene does prevent the spread of diseases. However, disease-causing germs stick around, sometimes in our bodies. They can also be spread by means such as sexual contact or sneezing, and vaccinations teach our bodies how to fight diseases once the germs attack our bodies. Measles, like other diseases, saw a permanent drop in 1962, after its vaccine was licensed24. Evidently, vaccines have a direct impact on disease control. The cases of haemophilus influenzae in children started declining a few years ago, since the introduction of the vaccine for children, while the levels of sanitation and hygiene have been practically unchanged since 199023. The number of global cases for vaccine-preventable diseases has been dwindling as the vaccinated population has been growing. India is polio-free now due to country-wide vaccination efforts (in modern times) to eradicate the disease25. Some doctors and scientists stand against vaccination. A vast majority of doctors, including medical experts at CDC, WHO as well as non-governmental organizations like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, support the administration of vaccines. It is important to consider the religious and philosophical views of these doctors. Sometimes, financial gains might be involved26. Combination vaccinations overburden the immune systems of babies. Children, in fact, receive fewer antigens today than they did in the past. There is no evidence to support this hypothesis.  Combination vaccinations simply reduce the number of vaccines administered to babies.